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Here is the Script for the Video.

Script!

Members:

Lisa - Assistant for Andreas

Olivia - Andreas Vesalius

Georgina - Host

Roxy - Co-Host

(Theme music)

Georgina-Hello and welcome to… How Things Work! This week we’ve been looking at body systems and today we are going to look at the skeletal system. I’m your host Georgina.

Today we are joined by Andreas Vesalius, the scientist who discovered the skeletal system; he has travelled in time to be with us today. Tell us Andreas, just what is the skeletal system and how does it work?

Roxy-Good morning ladies, thank you for having me today. The skeletal system is basically the body’s framework. It supports your body and works with your muscles to move it. The system also protects our squashy insides such as our brain and heart.

Our bones make up our skeletal system along with cartilage, ligament, tendons and joints.

Joints are pretty much what make our skeleton move. There are 6 types:

Ball and socket joints
Pivot joints
Hinge joints
Saddle joints
Condyloid joints
Plane joints

On our skeletal system here we can see the ball and socket joints

(Points to shoulder)

This joint is only found in the shoulder and hip.

(Points to hip)

This joint allows all round movement for example swinging your arm around.

The next joint here is the pivot joint. It allows rotating movement such as shaking or nodding your head.

(Points to neck)

This joint is called a hinge joint.

(Points to leg bone)

It makes closing and opening movements such as bending your arm back and forth.

This next joint is called the saddle joint.

(Points to thumb)

It is only found in the thumb. It allows it to rotate and touch the other fingers.

This joint is called the condyloid joint.

(Points to arm and wrist bones)

It allows up, down and side to side movements.

The last joint I’ll show you is called the plane joint. The ankle and wrist bones are held closely together. This joint allows the bones to perform short, gliding movements.

That’s how each bone works to move.

Georgina-Thank you for that descriptive explanation about the joints. Now tell me Andreas, I know bones are strong and rigid, but what happens if they break?

Roxy-Well obviously when a bone is broken, it can’t function. If a bone is broken you can’t move that part of the body, so the body starts to repair itself.

For example: Within hours a blood clod has formed between the broken bone ends. This seals the blood vessel that had been damaged by the break.

Within weeks the bones outer covering has sealed over, the blood vessels have grown back and the new spongy bone has been laid down to link the broken ends.

Within months a new central cavity has been formed and new compact bone has been laid down. The bone has started to return to its original shape.

Georgina-Wow! That’s so cool! So Andreas, I feel we’ve talked about bones a lot, why don’t we talk about you for a while?

Roxy-Very well then! What do you want to know?

Georgina-Why don’t we start off with a bit of background information about you and then we can talk about your discovery and what it tells us about the system.

Roxy-Okay, well firstly let me tell you that in 1543, I published a book that people found influential on human anatomy. This book, I called “De humani corporis fabrcia”, which translated to English means “The Fabric of the Human Body”. This book contained what I discovered about the human body with was that we had a framework which I called the skeleton that supported the Human Body. I found that this skeleton was keeping us upright and in one piece.

Throughout my discovery, I found:

Many of Galen’s theories were wrong which I stated in my book under the extensive study of the skull. For example, I found that the mandible consisted of one bone, whereas Galen had thought it was two separate bones. I accurately described the vestibule in the interior of the temporal bone of the skull.
In Galen's observation of the ape, he had discovered that their sternum consisted of seven parts which he assumed held true for humans. I however discovered that the human sternum only consisted of three parts.
I also disproved the common belief that men had one rib fewer than women and I noted that fibula and tibia bones of the leg were indeed larger than the humerus bone of the arm, unlike Galen's original findings.

I am told now that modern medicine is in debt to the effort that I put forth to provide the most accurate form of the human body. I am told by scientists that I have met in this century that I was able to provide clear descriptions and extraordinary anatomical drawings that set a new standard for future medical books like to organise and keep my work neat and clear. I am privileged to hear that my work will be used in future developments.

Georgina-Well that’s very enlightening. (Looks at watch) I think we have time for 1 more question.

Roxy-Okay, what’s the question.

Georgina-What are the new discoveries that science and medicine have been made to overcome injuries or diseases related to the skeletal system?

Roxy-Well maybe you should ask my assistant Lisa this question; she’s the one who knows most about this particular area.

(Lisa walks in and sits down)

Georgina-Welcome Lisa, so what can you tell us about the new discoveries?

Lisa-Well firstly, we need to understand what types of common injuries or diseases that could occur that are associated with the skeletal system.

For example there are many types of fractures that can occur to the skeletal system. The 2 most common fractures that can occur are the open fracture and the depressed fracture.

The open fracture is a fracture that occurs when a broken bone pirces the skin and the bone sticks out. This type of fracture requires immediate treatment and often requires surgery to re-set the bone fragments and repair the damaged skin.

The depressed fracture is a type of fracture usually occurs to flat bones such as the ones that make up the skull. This type of fracture is due to a blunt force trauma that is inclined to break the bone inwards toward the brain.

I’m sure you have all heard of arthritis. This is a disease cause’s damage to the joints and usually results into pain and stiffness. Arthritis can affect many different parts of the joint and nearly every joint in the body.

I can tell you that a new discovery that was discovered by the Queensland Medical Centre last year found that a drug used today to treat rheumatoid arthritis, might be effective in treating asthma symptoms. This means that these two conditions could be useful to one another in finding treatment to these symptoms.

Also, different types of medicines have been discovered to relieve that pain that comes to arthritis patients. Some of these include: Oral tablets, paracetamol, NSAIDs, Strontium and so many other drugs.

Another discovery made is about a disease associated with the skeletal system called Leukaemia. I’m sure you all have heard about Leukaemia but probably don’t know what it is. Leukaemia is a kind of cancer in which abnormal white blood cells multiply in an uncontrolled manner. They interfere with the production of normal white blood cells. Leukemia affects the production of red blood cells.

A new discovery made in medicine to prevent Leukaemia from returning after treatment. This life-preserving discovery was made by British researches in the form of a vaccine. After the patient has had treatment for leukaemia and bone marrow transplant, this vaccine is given and it stops the leukaemia from returning.

There have been many amazing discoveries over the past couple years with injuries and diseases associated with the skeletal system.

Georina-Well, thank you Andreas and Lisa for coming today. I’m sure our viewers really enjoyed your talk and learnt a lot more about the skeletal system. I know I did!

Roxy-Thank you for having us.

Georgina-Next episode folks we’ll be looking at the digestive system. Stay tuned for that exciting segment! Thank you and we’ll see you soon!

End of script!!!!!!!!!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius

This is a Wikipedia site, so I was a bit apprehensive to use it, as people may have been able to change it. But it has SOO much fantastic information about the life/background of Andres and information about his research/discoveries. It talks about the book he published 'De Corporis Fabricia', and what he found out about the skeletal system.

Scientific findings

[edit]Skeletal system

Vesalius believed the skeletal system to be the framework of the human body. It was in this opening chapter, or book, of De fabrica that Vesalius made several of his strongest claims againstGalen's theories and writings which he had put in his anatomy books. In his extensive study of the skull, Vesalius claimed that the mandible consisted of one bone, whereas Galen had thought it was two separate bones. He accurately described the vestibule in the interior of the temporal bone of the skull.
In Galen's observation of the ape, he had discovered that their sternum consisted of seven parts which he assumed held true for humans. Vesalius discovered that the human sternum only consisted of three parts.
He also disproved the common belief that men had one rib fewer than women and noted that fibula and tibia bones of the leg were indeed larger than the humerus bone of the arm, unlikeGalen's original findings.

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[edit]Skeletal system

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